Mixed modulus columns, also known as columns with Mixed Moduli, mixed columns or CMM® is a sustainable ground improvement method using high deformation modulus columns constructed through compressible soils to reduce settlement and increase bearing capacity.  CMM® is the combination of a rigid inclusion for its lower part with a ‘supple’ inclusion in compacted gravel or crushed stone for the upper part.

Mixed modulus columns technique image

Common uses

Industrial and commercial buildings
Embankments for road and rail
Storage tanks and terminals
Residential buildings
Warehouses
Public buildings
Industrial flooring
Wind turbines

Process

After the working platform is prepared, the rig is moved into place and data recording starts. Generally a displacement auger or vibrated tube is used to penetrate down to the designed depth. Concrete is pumped as the tool is pulled upwards. Once the rigid inclusion is installed up to the designed level, a column of gravel or crushed stone, horizontally displaced, is installed on top. Its length is adapted to the characteristics of the project (bottom level of the shallow foundations, rafts and slabs; stratigraphy of the soil). Typically it is between 1.0 and 1.5m, even though it can be contemplated to install it deeper.

Specialist Contact | Rob Herring - [email protected] - +44 (0)7767 446830

Advantages

Minimal spoil and reduced concrete use make it a more environmentally-friendly solution
Allows the use of shallow foundations to support structures on compressible soils
Increase the bearing capacity of weak soils, even for high loads
Reduces settlements very efficiently (with a reduction factor in the range of three to ten)
Resistant to horizontal forces without installation of a dedicated load transfer transfer platform (very good adapted in seismic areas)
Mitigates the punching effect of inclusions beneath a slab
Elimates risk of damage to the rigid inclusions
Construction work can, in most cases, start immediately after ground improvement

Quality assurance

Mixed columns are controlled before, during and after installation to ensure the highest quality solution. A variety of tests can be carried out including:

  • Field trials for verifying columns production parameters
  • Digital recording and logging of the execution parameters
  • Column load test and column material compressive strength tests

The type and frequency of tests varies based on the size of the project and the geotechnical context.